Table 11
U.S. Maritime Security Initiatives
Table 11
U.S. Maritime Security Initiatives
| Initiative | Year Implemented | Responsible Agency | Description | Progress to Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automated Targeting System (ATS) | 1999 | CBP | ATS is a mathematical model that uses weighted rules to assign a risk score to arriving cargo shipments based on shipping information. | In use. |
| Container Security Initiative (CSI) | 2002 | CBP | CBP staff work with participating foreign ports to target and examine high-risk container cargo abroad. | 58 foreign ports now participate in CSI, comprising the origin for 86 percent of all imported containerized cargo (USDHS CBP 2010). |
| Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) | 2001 | CBP | DHS CBP works on a voluntary basis with private firms, contract logistics carriers and others to improve the security of their firm's supply chains in exchange for various benefits, including a reduced likelihood that the containers of participating firms will be examined. | As of March 2008, C-TPAT had more than 8,200 certified members, accounting for 80 percent of the value of imported goods (USDHS CBP 2008). In a 2007 survey firms reported that prior to joining C-TPAT nearly half did not have security plans in place for their supply chains (USDHS CBP 2007). |
| Megaports Initiative | 2003 | U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) | Radiation detection equipment has been installed at key foreign ports, for foreign governmental personnel to use in scanning containers bound for the U.S. and our allies. | As of October 2010, implemented at 27 ports; 16 others are in the implementation process (USDOE, NNSA 2010). |
| Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade (SAFE) Framework of Standards | 2005 | CBP | CBP, along with international partners, developed the SAFE Framework, a set of cargo security practice principles based on CBP's C-TPAT and CSI programs. | Including the United States, 157 countries have signed letters of intent for implementing the SAFE Framework. |
| Secure Freight Initiative (SFI) | 2006 | USDOE, CBP | Program at select ports to scan 100 percent of U.S.-bound container cargo for nuclear and radiological materials. | As of April 2010, SFI was operational at 5 ports, and had ceased operating at 2 (GAO 2010). |
| Domestic Port Radiation | 2007 | USDHS | Program to scan 100 percent of containers arriving in the United States with radiation detection equipment prior to leaving a domestic port. | As of April 2009, CBP had 409 radiation portal monitors deployed at domestic ports, through which approximately 98 percent of all arriving containers passed through. |
| Importer Security Filing and Additional Carrier Requirements (10+2) | 2009 | CBP | The importer is responsible for supplying CBP with 10 shipping data elements 24 hours prior to lading while the vessel carrier is required to provide 2 data elements in addition to those previously required. | In place since 2009. |
SOURCES: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, based mostly on Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2009B. Feasibility and Cost- Benefit Analysis Would, assist DHS and Congress in, assessing and Implementing the Requirement to Scan 100 Percent of U.S.-Bound Containers, October 30. Available at www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-12, as of Sept. 24, 2010; except where noted.